首先你有必要先了解以下相关协议
在PHP中发送邮件是很简单的，可以通过系统自带的mail()函数直接发送，但是用mail()函数需要类似sendmail这样的组件支持，即系统要在php.ini配置SMTP服务器的相关信息才能发送成功，设置起来有点麻烦，移植性比较差。
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| php.ini中SMTP的配置 |
发送邮件主要是通过SMTP协议来传输的，SMTP是 TCP/IP 协议的一种实现，负责把邮件发送到另一台计算机。
我们知道，计算机之间的通信都是基于TCP/IP协议的。我们平时用浏览器浏览网页时，也是使用 TCP/IP 来连接因特网的。 浏览器使用 TCP/IP 来访问因特网服务器，服务器使用 TCP/IP 向浏览器传回 HTML。同样，电子邮件程序必须使用 TCP/IP 来连接因特网，这样才能收发邮件。
即PHP只是充当一个客户端的角色，你用mail()函数发送邮件，只是相当于向SMTP服务器发送了一个命令，具体的发送过程还是要靠SMTP服务器来实现。
如果你没有自己的SMTP服务器，要想发送邮件，就必须用第三方的SMTP服务器，这时，mail()函数根本就没有用了，我们必须通过socket方式来发送邮件。
通过socket方式发送原理
使用fsockopen函数打开一个Internet连接
在socket连接过程中，会返回以下相关信息。
221 正在处理
250 请求邮件动作正确，
354 开始发送数据，结束以 .
500 语法错误，命令不能识别
550 命令不能执行，邮箱无效
552 中断处理：用户超出文件空间
<?php
class smtp {
/* Public Variables */
var $smtp_port;
var $time_out;
var $host_name;
var $log_file;
var $relay_host;
var $debug;
var $auth;
var $user;
var $pass;
/* Private Variables */
var $sock;
/* Constractor */
function smtp($relay_host = "", $smtp_port = 25, $auth = false, $user, $pass) {
$this->debug = FALSE;
$this->smtp_port = $smtp_port;
$this->relay_host = $relay_host;
$this->time_out = 30; //is used in fsockopen()
#
$this->auth = $auth; //auth
$this->user = $user;
$this->pass = $pass;
#
$this->host_name = "localhost"; //is used in HELO command
$this->log_file = "";
$this->sock = FALSE;
}
/* Main Function */
function sendmail($to, $from, $subject = "", $body = "", $mailtype, $cc = "", $bcc = "", $additional_headers = "") {
$mail_from = $this->get_address ( $this->strip_comment ( $from ) );
$body = ereg_replace ( "(^|(\r\n))(\\.)", "\\1.\\3", $body );
$header .= "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n";
if ($mailtype == "HTML") {
$header .= "Content-Type:text/html\r\n";
}
$header .= "To: " . $to . "\r\n";
if ($cc != "") {
$header .= "Cc: " . $cc . "\r\n";
}
$header .= "From: $from<" . $from . ">\r\n";
$header .= "Subject: " . $subject . "\r\n";
$header .= $additional_headers;
$header .= "Date: " . date ( "r" ) . "\r\n";
$header .= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/" . phpversion () . ")\r\n";
list ( $msec, $sec ) = explode ( " ", microtime () );
$header .= "Message-ID: <" . date ( "YmdHis", $sec ) . "." . ($msec * 1000000) . "." . $mail_from . ">\r\n";
$TO = explode ( ",", $this->strip_comment ( $to ) );
if ($cc != "") {
$TO = array_merge ( $TO, explode ( ",", $this->strip_comment ( $cc ) ) );
}
if ($bcc != "") {
$TO = array_merge ( $TO, explode ( ",", $this->strip_comment ( $bcc ) ) );
}
$sent = TRUE;
foreach ( $TO as $rcpt_to ) {
$rcpt_to = $this->get_address ( $rcpt_to );
if (! $this->smtp_sockopen ( $rcpt_to )) {
$this->log_write ( "Error: Cannot send email to " . $rcpt_to . "\n" );
$sent = FALSE;
continue;
}
if ($this->smtp_send ( $this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body )) {
$this->log_write ( "E-mail has been sent to <" . $rcpt_to . ">\n" );
} else {
$this->log_write ( "Error: Cannot send email to <" . $rcpt_to . ">\n" );
$sent = FALSE;
}
fclose ( $this->sock );
$this->log_write ( "Disconnected from remote host\n" );
}
echo "<br>";
echo $header;
return $sent;
}
/* Private Functions */
function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "") {
if (! $this->smtp_putcmd ( "HELO", $helo )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending HELO command" );
}
#auth
if ($this->auth) {
if (! $this->smtp_putcmd ( "AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode ( $this->user ) )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending HELO command" );
}
if (! $this->smtp_putcmd ( "", base64_encode ( $this->pass ) )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending HELO command" );
}
}
#
if (! $this->smtp_putcmd ( "MAIL", "FROM:<" . $from . ">" )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending MAIL FROM command" );
}
if (! $this->smtp_putcmd ( "RCPT", "TO:<" . $to . ">" )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending RCPT TO command" );
}
if (! $this->smtp_putcmd ( "DATA" )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending DATA command" );
}
if (! $this->smtp_message ( $header, $body )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending message" );
}
if (! $this->smtp_eom ()) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> [EOM]" );
}
if (! $this->smtp_putcmd ( "QUIT" )) {
return $this->smtp_error ( "sending QUIT command" );
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen($address) {
if ($this->relay_host == "") {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx ( $address );
} else {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay ();
}
}
function smtp_sockopen_relay() {
$this->log_write ( "Trying to " . $this->relay_host . ":" . $this->smtp_port . "\n" );
$this->sock = @fsockopen ( $this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out );
if (! ($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok ())) {
$this->log_write ( "Error: Cannot connenct to relay host " . $this->relay_host . "\n" );
$this->log_write ( "Error: " . $errstr . " (" . $errno . ")\n" );
return FALSE;
}
$this->log_write ( "Connected to relay host " . $this->relay_host . "\n" );
return TRUE;
;
}
function smtp_sockopen_mx($address) {
$domain = ereg_replace ( "^.+@([^@]+)$", "\\1", $address );
if (! @getmxrr ( $domain, $MXHOSTS )) {
$this->log_write ( "Error: Cannot resolve MX \"" . $domain . "\"\n" );
return FALSE;
}
foreach ( $MXHOSTS as $host ) {
$this->log_write ( "Trying to " . $host . ":" . $this->smtp_port . "\n" );
$this->sock = @fsockopen ( $host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out );
if (! ($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok ())) {
$this->log_write ( "Warning: Cannot connect to mx host " . $host . "\n" );
$this->log_write ( "Error: " . $errstr . " (" . $errno . ")\n" );
continue;
}
$this->log_write ( "Connected to mx host " . $host . "\n" );
return TRUE;
}
$this->log_write ( "Error: Cannot connect to any mx hosts (" . implode ( ", ", $MXHOSTS ) . ")\n" );
return FALSE;
}
function smtp_message($header, $body) {
fputs ( $this->sock, $header . "\r\n" . $body );
$this->smtp_debug ( "> " . str_replace ( "\r\n", "\n" . "> ", $header . "\n> " . $body . "\n> " ) );
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_eom() {
fputs ( $this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n" );
$this->smtp_debug ( ". [EOM]\n" );
return $this->smtp_ok ();
}
function smtp_ok() {
$response = str_replace ( "\r\n", "", fgets ( $this->sock, 512 ) );
$this->smtp_debug ( $response . "\n" );
if (! ereg ( "^[23]", $response )) {
fputs ( $this->sock, "QUIT\r\n" );
fgets ( $this->sock, 512 );
$this->log_write ( "Error: Remote host returned \"" . $response . "\"\n" );
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "") {
if ($arg != "") {
if ($cmd == "")
$cmd = $arg;
else
$cmd = $cmd . " " . $arg;
}
fputs ( $this->sock, $cmd . "\r\n" );
$this->smtp_debug ( "> " . $cmd . "\n" );
return $this->smtp_ok ();
}
function smtp_error($string) {
$this->log_write ( "Error: Error occurred while " . $string . ".\n" );
return FALSE;
}
function log_write($message) {
$this->smtp_debug ( $message );
if ($this->log_file == "") {
return TRUE;
}
$message = date ( "M d H:i:s " ) . get_current_user () . "[" . getmypid () . "]: " . $message;
if (! @file_exists ( $this->log_file ) || ! ($fp = @fopen ( $this->log_file, "a" ))) {
$this->smtp_debug ( "Warning: Cannot open log file \"" . $this->log_file . "\"\n" );
return FALSE;
}
flock ( $fp, LOCK_EX );
fputs ( $fp, $message );
fclose ( $fp );
return TRUE;
}
function strip_comment($address) {
$comment = "\\([^()]*\\)";
while ( ereg ( $comment, $address ) ) {
$address = ereg_replace ( $comment, "", $address );
}
return $address;
}
function get_address($address) {
$address = ereg_replace ( "([ \t\r\n])+", "", $address );
$address = ereg_replace ( "^.*<(.+)>.*$", "\\1", $address );
return $address;
}
function smtp_debug($message) {
if ($this->debug) {
echo $message . "<br>";
}
}
function get_attach_type($image_tag) { //
$filedata = array ();
$img_file_con = fopen ( $image_tag, "r" );
unset ( $image_data );
while ( $tem_buffer = AddSlashes ( fread ( $img_file_con, filesize ( $image_tag ) ) ) )
$image_data .= $tem_buffer;
fclose ( $img_file_con );
$filedata ['context'] = $image_data;
$filedata ['filename'] = basename ( $image_tag );
$extension = substr ( $image_tag, strrpos ( $image_tag, "." ), strlen ( $image_tag ) - strrpos ( $image_tag, "." ) );
switch ($extension) {
case ".gif" :
$filedata ['type'] = "image/gif";
break;
case ".gz" :
$filedata ['type'] = "application/x-gzip";
break;
case ".htm" :
$filedata ['type'] = "text/html";
break;
case ".html" :
$filedata ['type'] = "text/html";
break;
case ".jpg" :
$filedata ['type'] = "image/jpeg";
break;
case ".tar" :
$filedata ['type'] = "application/x-tar";
break;
case ".txt" :
$filedata ['type'] = "text/plain";
break;
case ".zip" :
$filedata ['type'] = "application/zip";
break;
default :
$filedata ['type'] = "application/octet-stream";
break;
}
return $filedata;
}
}
?>
你可以到163申请一个邮箱，把下面的相关配置改一下即可运行。
<?php
require_once ('email.class.php');
$smtpserver = "smtp.163.com";//SMTP服务器
$smtpserverport =25;//SMTP服务器端口
$smtpusermail = "";//SMTP服务器的用户邮箱
$smtpemailto = "";//发送给谁
$smtpuser = "";//SMTP服务器的用户帐号
$smtppass = "";//SMTP服务器的用户密码
$mailsubject = "PHP100测试邮件系统";//邮件主题
$mailbody = "<h1> 这是一个测试程序 </h1>";//邮件内容
$mailtype = "HTML";//邮件格式（HTML/TXT）,TXT为文本邮件
$smtp = new smtp($smtpserver,$smtpserverport,true,$smtpuser,$smtppass);//这里面的一个true是表示使用身份验证,否则不使用身份验证.
$smtp->debug = false;//是否显示发送的调试信息
$smtp->sendmail($smtpemailto, $smtpusermail, $mailsubject, $mailbody, $mailtype);
?>
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